# Globe geography

City coordinates: GeoNames cities15000, downloaded 2026-09-09.
WGS84 longitude/latitude in decimal degrees; city reference points, not airports,
street addresses, exact flight paths or actual shipment locations.

- Source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities15000.zip
- Documentation: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/readme.txt
- Attribution: GeoNames, https://www.geonames.org/
- Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Featured city points (longitude, latitude; GeoNames ID):

| City | Longitude | Latitude | ID |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lviv | 24.02324 | 49.83826 | 702550 |
| Lisbon | -9.1498 | 38.72509 | 2267057 |
| Kyiv | 30.5238 | 50.45466 | 703448 |
| Tel Aviv | 34.78057 | 32.08088 | 293397 |
| Warsaw | 21.01178 | 52.22977 | 756135 |
| Barcelona | 2.15899 | 41.38879 | 3128760 |
| London | -0.12574 | 51.50853 | 2643743 |
| Toronto | -79.39864 | 43.70643 | 6167865 |
| Cairo | 31.24967 | 30.06263 | 360630 |
| Dubai | 55.30927 | 25.07725 | 292223 |
| Singapore | 103.85007 | 1.28967 | 1880252 |
| Sydney | 151.20732 | -33.86785 | 2147714 |

Land and coastline: Natural Earth 1:50 million, v5.1.2, public domain.
https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/blob/v5.1.2/geojson/ne_50m_land.geojson
Replaces the earlier 1:110 million land layer. Generated with
scripts/build-geographic-land.mjs; coastline simplification tolerance 0.025 degrees.
This is a world-scale illustration, not a navigation map. Land dots are a graphic
sampling of polygons, not city markers. Small islands retain their outlines even
when the decorative dot grid does not intersect them.

Projection is shared with route generation: x=cos(lat)*sin(lon), y=sin(lat),
z=cos(lat)*cos(lon). Greenwich faces +Z; east is +X; north is +Y.
Route endpoints and city anchors share a single surface radius. The arc is a
great-circle connection raised for readability, with both ends on their anchors.
All are children of the same rotating globe; no independent map rotation or RTL
mirroring is applied to geography. Ukraine's separate 1991-border layer remains
unchanged; see ukraine-boundary-source.md for its source and licence.